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Objective To analyze the regional distribution and aggregation of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) among active China civil aviation pilots aged 40–59 years. Methods In 2011, 831 active pilots aged 40–59 years in Northern, Eastern and Southern China were investigated for risk factors of CVD. The regional distribution and aggregation of risk factors were analyzed. Results The mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), mean total cholesterol (TC) and age standardized prevalence rate of high TC in Northern China (5.7%±0.5%, 5.6±1.1mmol/L and 23.6%, respectively) were significantly higher than in Eastern and Southern China. High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), 1ow density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were controlled poorer (1.1±0.2mmol/L, 3.6±0.7mmol/L and 125.7±9.4mmHg, respectively) in pilots from Eastern China, and their age standardized prevalence rates of low HDL-C and high LDL-C were 37.9% and 24.6%, respectively, which was obviously higher than that in pilots from other two regions. The mean fast plasma glucose (FPG, 5.5±0.5mmol/L) was significantly higher in pilots from Southern China than that in pilots from the other two regions. There was significant difference of 1 and 2 categories of risk factors for CVD among the three regions, and among 1, 2 and ≥3 kinds of CVD risk factors, combination of overweight and obesity, low HDL-C+ overweight and obesity, and high TG+ low HDL-C+ overweight and obesity ranked highest. Conclusions The regional distribution and aggregation of risk factors for CVD among active pilots aged 40–59 years old are significantly different. Prevention and control measures should be different among these three regions. Weight control is imperative for active pilots aged 40–59 years old.
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The study was designed to develop the method for determination of 7 benzodiazepines concentration in human plasma. UHPLC-MS/MS was adopted to analyze plasma with protein precipitated by acetonitrile. Citalopram was used as an internal standard. Plasma samples were separated on CORTECS UHPLC C18 column with the mobile phase of aqueous solution (0.01% formic acid)-methanol (0.01% formic acid) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL·min-1. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was performed in combiation with electrospray ionization source operating in the positive ionization mode. The liner calibration curve of midazolam, nitrazepam, estazolam, clonazepam, lorazepam, triazolam and diazepam were obtained in the concentration range of 1.05-840 (r=0.999 4), 2.06-824 (r=0.998 1), 2.02-1 616 (r=0.994 7), 6.18-2 472 (r=0.997 9), 6.12-2 448 (r=0.997 4), 3.02-2 416 (r=0.990 2), 1.02-816 (r=0.998 8) ng·mL-1, respectively. The lowest detection limit were 0.02, 0.52, 0.51, 1.55, 0.77, 0.76, 0.02 ng·mL-1, respectively. The RSD of inter-day and intra-day were less than 10.81%. The relative recovery was 81.46%-106.53%. The method was successfully applied to clinical analysis of blood samples from patients.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>AIM</b>To explore the adapting metabolic mechanisms of the plateau zokors to the hypoxic-hypercapnic environment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The activities of lactate dehydrogenase in serum and tissues, and the content of lactate in serum of plateau zokors in spring, summer and autumn were determined by using method of enzyme analysis. The spectrums of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in serum and tissues of plateau zokors in spring, summer and autumn were analyzed by using method of the discontinuous systemic poly-acrylamide perpendicular plank gel electrophoresis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The activities of lactate dehydrogenase in serum had obvious seasonally difference that were higher in spring and lower in autumn, and the content of lactate in serum showed same changing pattern. The spectrums of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in serum showed five bands that were LDH1, LDH2, LDH3, LDH4 and LDH5 from positive pole to negative pole respectively, it showed clearly two bands in serum of summer that were LDH4 and LDH5 and one band in serum of autumn that was LDH5. The activities of LDH in tissues of skeleton muscle, cardiac muscle and brain were higher compared with the other tissues, it decreased markedly from spring to summer to autumn. In tissues of liver, kidney and lungs, activities of LDH were lower. Activities of LDH in livers, were significantly higher in spring compared that in summer and autumn, which had no obvious difference between summer and autumn. Activities of LDH in kidneys and lungs, showed no obviously difference between spring and summer, which decreased markedly in autumn. The spectrums of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in tissues of cardiac muscle, liver, lungs, kidney, brain and skeleton muscle showed five bands, the spectrums were obvious different in different tissues, and the content of LDH isoenzymes showed seasonal changes in different tissues.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Glycolysis levels in plateau zokors had obvious seasonally change which increased in spring and decreased in autumn significantly. It related to the activity of plateau zokors in different seasons and seasonal fluctuation of oxygen and carbon dioxide in burrows of plateau zokors.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Carbon Dioxide , Metabolism , Isoenzymes , Metabolism , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase , Metabolism , Rodentia , Metabolism , SeasonsABSTRACT
Ergosterol is the important component of the fungal membrane, and having stable structure. This makes it a suitable indicator for growth of fungi. In the paper, isolation and determination techniques of ergosterol as the indicator of the fungal biomass were reviewed. The methods of extracting ergosterol include traditional saponification and refluxing, rapid physical disruption, rapid ultrasonication, supercritical fluid extraction and so on. The ergosterol determination methods are high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and thin-layer chromatography, et al. The application of these techniques was also introduced. Finally, the paper prospected the feasibility of applying the ergosterol as the indicator of fungal biomass in composting.